meaning. Thus in the word 'pirate-boat' the word 'boat' has no meaning

except as part of the whole word.

The limitation 'by convention' was introduced because nothing is

by nature a noun or name-it is only so when it becomes a symbol;

inarticulate sounds, such as those which brutes produce, are

significant, yet none of these constitutes a noun.

The expression 'not-man' is not a noun. There is indeed no

recognized term by which we may denote such an expression, for it is

not a sentence or a denial. Let it then be called an indefinite noun.

The expressions 'of Philo', 'to Philo', and so on, constitute not

nouns, but cases of a noun. The definition of these cases of a noun is

in other respects the same as that of the noun proper, but, when

coupled with 'is', 'was', or will be', they do not, as they are,

form a proposition either true or false, and this the noun proper

always does, under these conditions. Take the words 'of Philo is' or

'of or 'of Philo is not'; these words do not, as they stand, form

either a true or a false proposition.



3



A verb is that which, in addition to its proper meaning, carries

with it the notion of time. No part of it has any independent meaning,

and it is a sign of something said of something else.

I will explain what I mean by saying that it carries with it the

notion of time. 'Health' is a noun, but 'is healthy' is a verb; for

besides its proper meaning it indicates the present existence of the

state in question.

Moreover, a verb is always a sign of something said of something

else, i.e. of something either predicable of or present in some

other thing.

Such expressions as 'is not-healthy', 'is not, ill', I do not

describe as verbs; for though they carry the additional note of