Rhetoric   

the use of them. The criterion of 'security' is the ownership of
property in such places and under such Conditions that the use of it
is in our power; and it is 'our own' if it is in our own power to
dispose of it or keep it. By 'disposing of it' I mean giving it away
or selling it. Wealth as a whole consists in using things rather than
in owning them; it is really the activity-that is, the use-of property
that constitutes wealth.
Fame means being respected by everybody, or having some quality that
is desired by all men, or by most, or by the good, or by the wise.
Honour is the token of a man's being famous for doing good. it is
chiefly and most properly paid to those who have already done good;
but also to the man who can do good in future. Doing good refers
either to the preservation of life and the means of life, or to
wealth, or to some other of the good things which it is hard to get
either always or at that particular place or time-for many gain honour
for things which seem small, but the place and the occasion account
for it. The constituents of honour are: sacrifices; commemoration, in
verse or prose; privileges; grants of land; front seats at civic
celebrations; state burial; statues; public maintenance; among
foreigners, obeisances and giving place; and such presents as are
among various bodies of men regarded as marks of honour. For a present
is not only the bestowal of a piece of property, but also a token of
honour; which explains why honour-loving as well as money-loving
persons desire it. The present brings to both what they want; it is a
piece of property, which is what the lovers of money desire; and it
brings honour, which is what the lovers of honour desire.
The excellence of the body is health; that is, a condition which
allows us, while keeping free from disease, to have the use of our
bodies; for many people are 'healthy' as we are told Herodicus was;
and these no one can congratulate on their 'health', for they have to
abstain from everything or nearly everything that men do.-Beauty
varies with the time of life. In a young man beauty is the possession
of a body fit to endure the exertion of running and of contests of
strength; which means that he is pleasant to look at; and therefore
all-round athletes are the most beautiful, being naturally adapted
both for contests of strength and for speed also. For a man in his
prime, beauty is fitness for the exertion of warfare, together with a
pleasant but at the same time formidable appearance. For an old man,
it is to be strong enough for such exertion as is necessary, and to be
free from all those deformities of old age which cause pain to others.
Strength is the power of moving some one else at will; to do this, you
must either pull, push, lift, pin, or grip him; thus you must be
strong in all of those ways or at least in some. Excellence in size is
to surpass ordinary people in height, thickness, and breadth by just
as much as will not make one's movements slower in consequence.
Athletic excellence of the body consists in size, strength, and
swiftness; swiftness implying strength. He who can fling forward his
legs in a certain way, and move them fast and far, is good at running;
he who can grip and hold down is good at wrestling; he who can drive
an adversary from his ground with the right blow is a good boxer: he
who can do both the last is a good pancratiast, while he who can do
all is an 'all-round' athlete.
Happiness in old age is the coming of old age slowly and painlessly;
for a man has not this happiness if he grows old either quickly, or
tardily but painfully. It arises both from the excellences of the body
and from good luck. If a man is not free from disease, or if he is
strong, he will not be free from suffering; nor can he continue to
live a long and painless life unless he has good luck. There is,
indeed, a capacity for long life that is quite independent of health
or strength; for many people live long who lack the excellences of the
body; but for our present purpose there is no use in going into the
details of this.
The terms 'possession of many friends' and 'possession of good
friends' need no explanation; for we define a 'friend' as one who will