Instruments of Reduction   

line; at the same time the opposite sides are to be pushed together,
and the bones reduced to their place. In these cases rotation of the
elbow cooperates; that is to say, turning the arm into a state of
supination and pronation; so much for the reduction. With regard to
the attitude in which it is to be put,-the hand is to be placed somewhat
higher than the elbow, and the arm by the side; this position suits
with it when slung from the neck, is easily borne, is its natural
position, and one adapted for ordinary purposes, unless callus form
improperly: the callus soon forms. Treatment:-By bandages according
to the common rule for articulations, and the point of the elbow is
to be included in the bandage.


PART 9
The elbow, when luxated, induces the most serious consequences, fevers,
pain, nausea, vomiting of pure bile; and this especially in dislocations
backward, from pressure on the nerve which occasions numbness; next
to it is dislocation forward. The treatment is the same. The reduction
of dislocation backward is by extension and adaptation: the symptom
of this variety, loss of the power of extension; of dislocation forward,
loss of the power of flexion. In it a hard ball is to be placed in
the bend of the elbow, and the fore-arm is to be bent over this while
sudden extension is made.


PART 10
Diastasis of the bones may be recognized by examining the part where
the vein which runs along the arm divides.


PART 11
In these cases callus is speedily formed. In congenital dislocations,
the bones below the seat of the injury are shorter than natural; in
this case, the greatest shortening is in the nearest, namely, those
of the fore-arm; second, those of the hand; third, those of the fingers.
The arm and shoulders are stronger, owing to the nourishment which
they receive, and the other arm, from the additional work it has to
perform, is still more strong. The wasting of the flesh, if the dislocation
was outward, is on the inside; or if otherwise, on the side opposite
the dislocation.


PART 12
In dislocation at the elbow, whether outward or inward, extension
is to be made with the fore-arm at right angles to the arm; the arm
is to be suspended by a shawl passed through the armpit, and a weight
is to be attached to the extremity of the elbow; or force is to be
applied with the hands. The articular extremity being properly raised,
the parts are to be adjusted with the palms of the hands, as in dislocations
of the hands. It is to be bandaged, suspended in a sling, and placed,
while in this attitude.


PART 13
Dislocations backward are to be rectified with the palms of the hands
along with sudden extension. These two acts are to be performed together,
as in other cases of the kind. In dislocation forward, the arm is
to bend around a ball of cloth, of proper size, and at the same time
replaced.


PART 14
If the displacement be on the other side both these operations are
to be performed in effecting the adjustment of the arm. With regard