(the olecranon?) are attached the nerves (ligaments?) which go downward
to the junction of the bones; and the slender bone (ulna?) has more
to do with the insertion of the ligaments in the arm than the thick
bone (radius?). The configuration then of the articulations, and of
the bones of the elbow, is such as I have described. Owing to their
configuration, the bones at the knee are indeed frequently dislocated,
but they are easily reduced, for no great inflammation follows, nor
any constriction of the joint. They are displaced for the most part
to the inside, sometimes to the outside, and occasionally into the
ham. The reduction in all these cases is not difficult, but in the
dislocations inward and outward, the patient should be placed on a
low seat, and the thigh should be elevated, but not much. Moderate
extension for the most part sufficeth, extension being made at the
leg, and counter-extension at the thigh.


PART 38
Dislocations at the elbow are more troublesome than those at the knee,
and, owing to the inflammation which comes on, and the configuration
of the joint, are more difficult to reduce if the bones are not immediately
replaced. For the bones at the elbow are less subject to dislocation
than those of the knee, but are more difficult to reduce and keep
in their position, and are more apt to become inflamed and ankylosed.


PART 39
For the most part the displacements of these bones are small, sometimes
toward the ribs, and sometimes to the outside; and the whole articulation
is not displaced, but that part of the humerus remains in place which
is articulated with the cavity of the bone of the forearm that has
a protuberance (ulna?). Such dislocations, to whatever side, are easily
reduced, and the extension is to be made in the line of the arm, one
person making extension at the wrist, and another grasping the armpit,
while a third, applying the palm of his hand to the part of the joint
which is displaced, pushes it inward ward, and at the same time makes
counterpressure on the opposite side near the joint with the other
hand.


PART 40
The end of the humerus at the ,elbow gets displaced (subluxated?)
by leaving the cavity of the ulna. Such luxations readily yield to
reduction, if applied before the parts get inflamed. The displacement
for the most part is to the inside, but sometimes to the outside,
and they are readily recognized by the shape of the limb. And often
such luxations are reduced without any powerful extension. In dislocations
inward, the joint is to be pushed into its place, while the fore-arm
is brought round to a state of pronation. Such are most of the dislocations
at the elbow.


PART 41
But if the articular extremity of the humerus be carried to either
side above the bone of the fore-arm, which is prominent, into the
hollow of the arm (?), this rarely happens; but if it does happen,
extension in the straight line is not so proper under such circumstances;
for in such a mode of extension, the process of the ulna (olecranon?)
prevents the bone of the arm (humerus?) from passing over it. In dislocations
of this kind, extension should be made in the manner described when
treating of the bandaging of fractured bones of the arm, extension
being made upward at the armpit, while the parts at the elbow are
pushed downward, for in this manner can the humerus be most readily
raised above its cavity; and when so raised, the reduction is easy
with the palms of the hand, the one being applied so as to make pressure