Dion   

being the only man who, upon any occasion, durst boldly say what he
thought, as, for example, in the rebuke he gave him about Gelon.
Dionysius was ridiculing Gelon's government, and, alluding to his
name, said he had been the laughingstock of Sicily. While others
seemed to admire and applaud the quibble, Dion very warmly replied,
"Nevertheless, it is certain that you are sole governor here,
because you were trusted for Gelon's sake; but for your sake no man
will ever hereafter be trusted again." For, indeed, Gelon had made a
monarchy appear the best, whereas Dionysius had convinced men that
it was the worst of governments.
Dionysius had three children by Doris, and by Aristomache four,
two of which were daughters, Sophrosyne and Arete. Sophrosyne was
married to his son Dionysius; Arete, to his brother Thearides, after
whose death Dion received his niece Arete to wife. Now when
Dionysius was sick and like to die, Dion endeavoured to speak with him
in behalf of the children he had by Aristomache, but was still
prevented by the physicians, who wanted to ingratiate themselves
with the next successor, who also, as Timaeus reports, gave him a
sleeping potion which he asked for, which produced an insensibility
only followed by his death.
Nevertheless, at the first council which the young Dionysius held
with his friends, Dion discoursed so well of the present state of
affairs that he made all the rest appear in their politics but
children, and in their votes rather slaves than counsellors, who
timorously and disingenuously advised what would please the young man,
rather than what would advance his interest. But that which startled
them most was the proposal he made to avert the imminent danger they
feared of a war with the Carthaginians, undertaking, if Dionysius
wanted peace, to sail immediately over into Africa, and conclude it
there upon honourable terms; but, if he rather preferred war, then
he would fit out and maintain at his own cost and charges fifty
galleys ready for the service.
Dionysius wondered much at his greatness of mind, and received his
offer with satisfaction. But the other courtiers, thinking his
generosity reflected upon them, and jealous of being lessened by his
greatness, from hence took all occasions by private slanders to render
him obnoxious to the young man's displeasure; as if he designed, by
his power at sea, to surprise the government, and by the help of those
naval forces confer the supreme authority upon his sister
Aristomache's children. But, indeed, the most apparent and the
strongest grounds for dislike and hostility existed already in the
difference of his habits, and his reserved and separate way of living.
For they, who, from the beginning by flatteries and all unworthy
artifices, courted the favour and familiarity of the prince,
youthful and voluptuously bred, ministered to his pleasures, and
sought how to find him daily some new amours and occupy him in vain
amusements, with wine or with women, and in other dissipations; by
which means, the tyranny, like iron softened in the fire, seemed,
indeed, to the subject, to be more moderate and gentle, and to abate
somewhat of its extreme severity; the edge of it being blunted, not by
the clemency, but rather the sloth and degeneracy of the sovereign,
whose dissoluteness, gaining ground daily, and growing upon him,
soon weakened and broke those "adamantine chains," with which his
father, Dionysius, said he had left the monarchy fastened and secured.
It is reported of him that, having begun a drunken debauch, he
continued it ninety days without intermission; in all which time no
person on business was allowed to appear, nor was any serious
conversation heard at court, but drinking, singing, dancing, and
buffoonery reigned there without control.
It is likely then they had little kindness for Dion, who never
indulged himself in any youthful pleasure or diversion. And so his
very virtues were the matter of their calumnies, and were
represented under one or other plausible name as vices; they called
his gravity pride, his plain-dealing self-will, the good advice he